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Termites are detritivores, consuming dead plants in any degree of decomposition. They also play a very important role in the ecosystem by recycling waste material such as dead wood, faeces and plants.8182 Many species eat cellulose, having a specialised midgut that divides down the fibre.83 Termites are considered to be a major source (11%) of atmospheric methane, one of the prime greenhouse gases, produced in the breakdown of cellulose.84 Termites rely primarily upon symbiotic protozoa (metamonads) and other germs such as flagellate protists in their bowels to digest the cellulose to them, allowing them to absorb the end products for their own use.8586 Gut protozoa, such as Trichonympha, in turn, rely on symbiotic bacteria embedded on their own decks to produce some of the necessary digestive enzymes.
The flagellates have been dropped in Termitidae.878889 Scientists' understanding of the relationship between the termite digestive tract and the microbial endosymbionts is still rudimentary; what is true in most termite species, however, is that the employees feed the other members of their colony with substances derived from the digestion of plant material, either from the mouth or anus.54 Judging from closely related bacterial species, it's strongly presumed that the termites' and cockroach's gut microbiota derives from their dictyopteran ancestors.90.
Certain species like Gnathamitermes tubiformans have seasonal food habits. By way of instance, they might preferentially consume Red three-awn (Aristida longiseta) during the summer, Buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides) from May to August, and blue grama Bouteloua gracilis during spring, summer and autumn. Colonies of G. tubiformans consume less food in spring than they do during autumn when their feeding activity is high.91.
Numerous forests differ in their susceptibility to termite attack; the differences are attributed to such factors as moisture content, hardness, and resin and lignin content. In one study, the drywood termite Cryptotermes brevis strongly preferred poplar and walnut forests to other woods that were generally rejected from the termite colony.
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Some varieties of termite practice fungiculture. They maintain that a"garden" of specialised fungi of genus Termitomyces, which can be nourished by the excrement of these insects. When the fungi are eaten, their spores pass undamaged through the intestines of their termites to finish the cycle by germinating in the fresh faecal pellets.9394 Molecular evidence suggests that the household Macrotermitinae developed agriculture about 31 million years back.
Originally living in the rainforest, fungus farming enabled them to colonise the African savannah and other new environments, eventually expanding into Asia.95.
Depending on their feeding habits, termites are put into two groups: the lower termites and higher termites. The reduced vases predominately feed on wood. As visit homepage wood is difficult to digest, termites want to consume fungus-infected timber because it is easier to digest and the fungi are high in protein. Meanwhile, the bigger termites consume a vast array of materials, including faeces, humus, grass, leaves and roots.96 The gut in the lower weeds contains many hop over to here species of bacteria along with protozoa, whereas the higher termites only have a few species of bacteria with no protozoa.97.
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Among most predators, ants are the best enemy to termites.99100 Some ant genera are specialist predators of termites. By way of example, Megaponera is a strictly termite-eating (termitophagous) genus that execute raiding activities, some lasting several hours.113114 Paltothyreus tarsatus is another termite-raiding species, with every individual stacking as many fleas as possible in its mandibles before returning home, all of the while recruiting additional nestmates into the raiding site through chemical paths.99 The Malaysian basicerotine ants Eurhopalothrix heliscata utilizes a different strategy of termite hunting by pressing themselves into tight spaces, as they hunt through rotting wood housing termite colonies.
A scout recruits 1030 employees to an area where termites are present, killing them by immobilising them with their stinger.115 Centromyrmex and Iridomyrmex colonies sometimes nest in termite mounds, and thus the termites are preyed on by these ants. No evidence for any kind of relationship (other than the usual predatory one) is known.116117 Other ants, including Acanthostichus, Camponotus, Crematogaster, Cylindromyrmex, Leptogenys, Odontomachus, Ophthalmopone, Pachycondyla, Rhytidoponera, Solenopsis and Wasmannia, also prey on termites.10799118 In contrast to all these ant species, and despite their enormous diversity of prey, Dorylus ants rarely consume termites.119.